Population control

 Population control is the practice of artificially maintaining the size of any population. It simply refers to the act of limiting the size of an animal population so that it remains manageable, as opposed to the act of protecting a species from excessive rates of extinction, which is referred to as conservation biology.

Factors influencing population control

Population control may involve culling , or manipulation of the reproductive capability. The growth of a population may be limited by environmental factors such as food supply or predation.

* Food – both the quantity and the quality of food are important. The population growth and decline of species depends on the amount of their food availability. The more available food, the more the population grows to meet it. The less nutritious food, the less fertile a species of reproductive age becomes.

* Predators – as a prey population becomes larger, it becomes easier for predators to find prey. If the number of predators suddenly falls, the prey species might increase in number extremely quickly.

* Oxygen availability – affects the rate of energy production by respiration.

* Light availability – for photosynthesis. light may also control breeding cycles in animals and plants.

   Human population         

 planning

Human population planning is the practice of intentionally controlling the growth rate of a human population.The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty the evolution and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates in many countries. More recently, however, several countries such as china, , Japan  Korea, Russia, Iran, Italy,and have begun efforts to boost birth rates once again, generally as a response to looming demographic crises.

  Types

Three types of population planning policies pursued by governments can be identified:

  

1. Increasing or decreasing the overall population growth rate.

  2.   Increasing or decreasing         the relative population             growth of a subgroup of           people, such as those of             high or low intelligence         or  those with special n              abilities or disabilities.